Bhaktapur: An Ancient City
Bhaktapur, an ancient city in Nepal, flourished during the Malla Dynasty, predominantly following Hinduism. This historical backdrop sets it apart from its neighbors, Kathmandu and Patan, which have a stronger Buddhist presence. In Bhaktapur, Buddhist Mahavihars (monasteries) and institutes are less common, and those that do exist are often in poor condition or completely lost.
The Dwindling Mahavihars of Bhaktapur
Contrasting with the well-preserved Bahal and Mahavihar structures found in Kathmandu and Patan, Bhaktapur’s equivalents have not fared as well. The city’s architectural and religious landscape lacks the characteristic main Bahal, sub-Bahals, and Bahis (monastic residences) seen elsewhere.
The Enduring Bahals of Bhaktapur
Amidst this decline, a few Bahals still trace their roots to Bhaktapur, including Tom Bahal, Akhan Bahal, and Pasu Bahal. However, most Bahals in Bhaktapur have origins linked to Kwa Bahal in Patan or Takse Bahal in Kathmandu, indicating a broader cultural and religious exchange within the region.
Bahals of Bhaktapur
Here’s a list of known Bahals and Mahavihars in Bhaktapur, each with its unique historical and spiritual significance:
- Laskadya Bahal – Lokeshwor Mahavihar
See in Map - Ni Bahal – Jetvarna Mahavihar
See in Map - Akhan Bahal – Akhandasila Mahavihar
See in Map - Tadhichen Mahal – Chaturbrahma Mahavihar
See in Map - Inaco Bahal – Indravarna Mahavihar
See in Map - Tekhacho Bahal – Jesthavarna Mahavihar
See in Map - Tom Bahal – Aadipadma Mahavihar
Believed to be the oldest Bahal of Bhaktapur
See in Map - Pasu Bahal – Pashupati / Prasannasil Mahavihar
See in Map - Ajudya Bahal – Dipankar Mahavihar
See in Map - Wom Bahal – Manjuvarna Mahavihar
See in Map - Muni Bahal – Dharma Uttara (Dharmottam) Mahavihar
Abandoned Bahal, now converted into Thai Vihar known as Muni Vihar.
See in Map - Yen Bahal – Yangalavarna Mahavihar
- Biku Bahal – Viswo Vihar
Conclusion: Bhaktapur’s Religious Legacy
Bhaktapur’s Bahals and Mahavihars stand as silent yet profound witnesses to the city’s rich cultural and religious past. While many of these ancient centers of learning and spirituality are in disrepair, their stories and historical significance continue to captivate and educate. They represent a mosaic of religious and cultural influences, showcasing the depth and diversity of Bhaktapur’s heritage. These ancient Mahavihars not only mark the city’s historical landscape but also serve as a reminder of the enduring spiritual traditions that have shaped the lives of its inhabitants for centuries.
Reference
- Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal, John K. Locke, 1985