Patan: A City Steeped in Buddhist Tradition
Patan, or Lalitpur, is not just a city—it’s a mosaic of culture, tradition, and spirituality. Nestled among the three valleys of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur, it stands out for its dense concentration of Buddhist monasteries, known as Bahals. These sacred spaces form the backbone of Patan’s identity, making it the city with the most Bahals. As one wanders through the streets, every few doorways reveal the entrance to one of these tranquil courtyards, inviting a moment of reflection.
The Essence of Bahals: Courtyards of Serenity and Spirituality
The Bahal, or Mahavihar, is more than just a building; it’s a community’s spiritual haven. In the Newari language, “बा:” or “बहा:” translates to ‘courtyard,’ hinting at the architectural and communal significance of these spaces. Each Bahal is centered around a courtyard, serving as a monastic complex where the Bajracharyas, or Buddhist priests, practice Vajrayana Buddhism. At the heart of these complexes is the principal deity, Kwapa-Dya, underscoring the deep religious importance of these sites.
The 18 Bahals of Patan’s Spiritual Crown
Patan boasts 18 main Bahals, each with its unique name and deity, forming a spiritual network across the city. These range from the golden splendors of Hiranya Varna Mahavihar at Kwa Bahal to the serene depths of Kacchapal Giri Mahavihar at Co Bahal. Each one tells a story, featuring distinct architectural styles, artistic embellishments, and a dedicated community that keeps the traditions alive.
- Kwa Bahal – Hiranya Varna Mahavihar (Golden Temple)
See in Map - Dhum Bahal – Guna Lakshmi Mahavihar
See in Map - Wan Bahal – Bajra Kirti Mahavihar
See in Map - Jyo Bahal – Jyoti Varna Mahavihar
- Yachu Bahal – Baladhara Gupta Mahavihar
See in Map - Su Bahal – Jayamanohara Mahavihar
- Bhinche Bahal – Mayurvarna Mahavihar
See in Map - Uku Bahal – Rudra Varna Mahavihar
See in Map - Guji Bahal – Vaishra Varna Mahavihar
See in Map - Tanga Bahal – Jestha Varna Mahavihar
See in Map - Cuka Bahal – Chakra Varna Mahavihar
- Ta Bahal – Dharma Kirti Mahavihar
See in Map - Cilanco Bahal – Padmakastha Giri Mahavihar
- Dau Bahal – Dattanama Mahavihar
See in Map - Ha Bahal – Ratnakar Mahavihar
See in Map - Bu Bahal – Yasodhar Mahavihar
See in Map - Si Bahal – Sri Vaccha Mahavihar
See in Map - Co Bahal – Kacchapal Giri Mahavihar
Conclusion: A Journey Through Patan’s Living Heritage
The 18 main Bahals of Patan are not just architectural marvels; they are the beating heart of a city deeply rooted in its Buddhist traditions. They stand as serene oases, offering peace and spiritual solace to all who enter. As one explores these sacred courtyards, they embark on a journey through history, art, and spirituality, discovering the soul of Patan one Bahal at a time. This journey is a reminder of the enduring power of faith and community in shaping the world’s most beautiful and sacred spaces.
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References
- Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal, John K. Locke, 1985