Introduction to the Bajracharya
Bajracharyas form a very unique married, normally non-vegetarian priest, within Nepal’s Newar community, deeply versed in the Newar Buddhist Vajrayana traditions. Also referred as Guru-ju or Gu-bhaju, these terms echo the Sanskrit ‘Guru‘, signifying a teacher or priest. Occupying the highest rank among Newar Buddhist castes, the Bajracharyas are the custodians of ancient buddhist practices.
The term ‘Bajracharya’ itself springs from ‘Vajracharya’, a blend of ‘Vajra’ and ‘Acharya’. The term “Vajra” embodies the idea of being timeless, indestructible, imperceptible, and perpetually existing across the past, present, and future. And ‘Acharya’ means teacher or an expert. Thus, a Vajracharya, or Bajracharya, is essentially a “title” granted as master of the Vajra Doctrine or Vajrayana Buddhism. “Vajracharya” is a title like Doctor, PhD, or Engineer. More than a title, ‘Bajracharya’ symbolizes a commitment to the welfare of all beings and the world at large.
The Journey to Becoming a Bajracharya
The transformation into a Bajracharya is marked by sacred ceremonies and rituals. This process is commonly referred to as Bare Chhuyegu (बरे छुयेगु). However, technically, becoming a Bajracharya involves two main rituals.
- Bare Chhuyegu (बरे छुयेगु) or Pravrajita (प्रव्रजित)
- Acharya Abhishek (आचार्य अभिषेक), also known as Bajracharya Abhishek or Achaluyegu (आचालुयेगु).
It is important to note that while the term “Bare Chhuyegu” is widely used, it encompasses both Bare Chhuyegu and Acharya Abhishek.
Bare Chhuyegu (बरे छुयेगु)
The term “Bare” refers to a novice monk or a young individual undergoing temporary ordination in the Newar Buddhist tradition. “Chhuyegu” means “to enter”. “Bare Chhuyegu” refers to the ordination of a young individual entering into temporary monkhood in the Newar Vajrayana Buddhist tradition. This ritual is also known as Pravrajita (प्रव्रजित). Pravrajita refers to renouncing worldly life and becoming a monk. It is an essential step in the journey of becoming a Bajracharya.
The Bare Chhuyegu ritual includes several steps:
- Head Shaving: Head is shaved, symbolizing purification and detachment from worldly life.
- Fasting: A period of strict fasting is observed, signifying discipline and spiritual readiness.
- Prayers and Worship: Multiple prayers and rituals are performed, connecting the individual to the teachings of Buddhism.
During this temporary ordination, which lasts for 4 to 5 days, new Bajracharya lives a monastic life. He visits the homes of family members and neighbors to collect offerings, a practice known as Bhiksha (भिक्षा). This represents the traditional lifestyle of monks who rely on the support of monastic community (sangha) and laypeople for their spiritual journey, emphasizing mutual respect and support. At the end of the 4-5 days, the new Bajracharya is invited back to his home and family life.
Acharya Abhishek (आचार्य अभिषेक)
After completing Bare Chhuyegu, the next step is the Acharya Abhishek ritual, also known as Bajracharya Abhishek or Achaluyegu (आचालुयेगु). This rigorous process transforms the individual into a true Bajracharya. The Acharya Abhishek includes several important steps and rituals including Panchabhisek and Mantrabhishek.
- Panchabhisek (पञ्चाभिषेक):
In this step, the new initiate performs the ritual worship of the Five Buddhas (Pancha Buddha). This process includes the ceremonial crowning with a special headpiece called the Mukha (मुख:), which represents the Pancha Buddhas. - Mantrabhishek (मन्त्राभिषेक):
Also known as “Nheekan Viyegu (न्हिकं वियेगु)”, this step involves the whispering of the Bajracharya Mool Mantra (न्हिकं) into the initiate’s ear. This sacred mantra symbolizes the individual’s initiation into the spiritual path of a Bajracharya. Once the Mool Mantra is received, new Bajracharya is required to chant it daily as a part of their ritual practice.
These rituals not only mark the individual’s transformation but also emphasize spiritual discipline, cultural heritage, and devotion. The journey to becoming a Bajracharya represents a lifetime commitment to the teachings of Buddhism, community service, and daily spiritual practice.
Through Bare Chhuyegu and Acharya Abhishek, an individual transitions into a true Bajracharya, upholding the sacred traditions of the Newar Buddhist community.
Popular Bajracharyas
Historically, popular Bajracharyas have been figures of immense respect and influence, renowned for their profound expertise in Vajrayana Buddhism and Tantric practices. These experts were not just scholars but also spiritual pioneers, engaging in complex rituals and advanced meditative techniques that set them apart. They achieved feats in spiritual realms that were thought to be unattainable by ordinary practitioners, contributing significantly to the evolution and preservation of their rich traditions. Their lives and works continue to inspire contemporary followers, making them legendary figures within the Bajracharya community and beyond, revered for their extraordinary abilities and deep, transformative insights.
- Manju Dev Acharya (मञ्जु देव आचार्य), also known as Maha Manjushri (माहा मन्जुश्री)
- Gunakar Acharya (गुणाकर आचार्य), student of Maha Manjushri
- Shantikar Acharya (शान्तिकार आचार्य), student of Gunakar Acharya
- Odiyan Acharya (ओडियान आचार्य), Kapilvastu, Nepal
- Bachasiddhi Acharya (बाचाशिद्धी आचार्य), Sankhu, Nepal
- Bandhu Dutta Acharya (बन्धूदत्त आचार्य), Tebahal, Rajakirti Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Bajrapad Bajracharya (बज्रपाद बज्राचार्य), Panauti, Nepal
- Omkar Bajra Bajracharya (ॐकार बज्र बज्राचार्य), Sawal Bahal, Mantrasiddhi Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Hunkar Bajra Bajracharya (हूंकार बज्र बज्राचार्य), Sawal Bahal, Mantrasiddhi Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Shaswata Bajra Bajracharya (शाश्वत बज्र बज्राचार्य), Sawal Bahal, Mantrasiddhi Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Wak Bajra Bajracharya (वाक बज्र बज्राचार्य), Kwabahal, Maitripur Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Paramadi Bajra Bajracharya (परमादी बज्र बज्राचार्य), Kwabahal, Maitripur Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Lila Bajra Bajracharya (लीला बज्र बज्राचार्य), Sikhamu Bahal, Shreekhanda Tarumula Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Surat Bajra Bajracharya (सुरत बज्र बज्राचार्य), Takse Bahal, Suratshree Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Ratna Bajra Bajracharya (रत्न बज्र बज्राचार्य), Jhwa Bahal, Ratnaketu Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Jeevachandra Bajracharya (जीवचन्द्र बज्राचार्य), Takse Bahal, Suratshree Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Manju Bajra Bajracharya (मञ्जु बज्र बज्राचार्य), a.k.a. Jamana Gubhaju, Musum Bahal, Manisingha Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Amogha Bajra Bajracharya (अमोघ बज्र बज्राचार्य), Sankhu, Nepal
- Badri Ratna Bajracharya (बद्री रत्न बज्राचार्य), Sawal Bahal, Mantrasiddhi Mahavihar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Five Qualities of Bajracharya
1. Wisdom and Modesty
At the heart of a Bajracharya’s persona are wisdom and modesty. These individuals are not only knowledgeable but also exhibit a remarkable sense of politeness and conscientiousness. Their wisdom is not just intellectual but also deeply spiritual, guiding their actions and interactions with others. This blend of insight and humility sets them apart, making them respected figures in their communities.
2. Embodying Forgiveness and Virtue
A defining trait of Bajracharyas is their inclination towards forgiveness and aversion to sinful acts. This quality reflects a deep understanding of human nature and a compassionate approach to life. Their ability to forgive and maintain a virtuous path speaks volumes about their spiritual maturity and their role as moral guides in society.
3. The Liberal Attitude of Inclusivity
Bajracharyas are known for their liberal attitude, embracing a broad-minded approach to life and spirituality. This trait enables them to connect with a diverse range of people and perspectives, making their teachings and presence inclusive and accessible to all.
4. Masters of Mantras and Tantras
A critical aspect of being a Bajracharya is their proficiency in mantras and tantras. This knowledge is not merely academic; it’s an integral part of their spiritual practice and ritual expertise. Their deep understanding of these mystical and esoteric aspects of Buddhism allows them to lead complex rituals and offer profound spiritual guidance.
5. Scholars of Diverse Shastras
Lastly, Bajracharyas are distinguished by their extensive learning of various Shastras (शास्त्र). Shastra is philosophical, religional, and cultural scriptures. This comprehensive knowledge base underpins their spiritual teachings and practices, ensuring that their guidance is rooted in a deep understanding of Buddhist doctrines and philosophies. This scholarly pursuit equips them to address a wide array of spiritual questions and challenges.
Six Disciplines of Bajracharya
1. Architectural Mastery: Beyond Building Shrines
One of the pivotal skills of a Bajracharya is their deep knowledge of constructing sacred structures like shrines, tanks, ponds, wells, taps, Dharmashalas, and mandaps. But it’s not just about building; they also possess a keen understanding of the ideal placement for entrances and structures, integrating spiritual significance with architectural principles.
2. The Art of Mudras: Expressing the Inexpressible
Bajracharyas are adept in the use of Mudras, a form of non-verbal communication that involves hand gestures and finger postures. These Mudras are not just symbolic but are a powerful means of self-expression and convey deep spiritual meanings, often used in rituals and meditation practices.
3. Crafting Divinity: The Making of Idols
A unique aspect of their expertise is the knowledge of crafting idols of gods and goddesses. This skill goes beyond mere artistry; it involves infusing life into the idols, making them not just representations of the divine but vessels of spiritual presence.
4. Guardians of Life’s Rituals: Dashakarma
Bajracharyas are custodians of Dashakarma, the set of rites performed throughout different life stages, from birth to death. Their role in guiding individuals and families through these important milestones is pivotal, ensuring that each ritual is performed with precision and profound respect for tradition.
5. Scholars of Science: Chemistry, Physics, and Nadi Vigyan
Interestingly, Bajracharyas also delve into the realms of Chemistry, Physics, and Nadi Vigyan (the study of veins or energy channels in the body). This knowledge not only adds a scientific dimension to their understanding but also enhances their approach to healing and spiritual practices.
6. The Discipline of Yoga: A Path to Enlightenment
Lastly, their profound knowledge of Yoga stands as a testament to their commitment to spiritual growth. Yoga, in this context, is not just physical exercise; it’s a comprehensive practice involving body, mind, and spirit, leading toward enlightenment and inner peace. This holistic understanding of Yoga allows Bajracharyas to guide others on their spiritual journey with authenticity and depth.
In Conclusion
In conclusion, the Bajracharyas, often referred to as guru-ju or gu-bhaju, are not just bearers of a title but embody the essence of wisdom, humility, and spiritual commitment. Their role as custodians of the Vajra Doctrine and Newar Buddhist traditions extends far beyond the realm of titles. These remarkable individuals serve as beacons of forgiveness, virtue, and inclusivity in society, fostering a sense of unity and spiritual connection among diverse communities.
Furthermore, their expertise spans across various disciplines, from architectural mastery and the art of Mudras to the crafting of divine idols and guidance through life’s rituals. They delve into the realms of science, chemistry, and yoga, enhancing their understanding and enabling them to guide others on a profound spiritual journey. In essence, the Bajracharyas are not just scholars but living embodiments of timeless traditions, offering a guiding light on the path to enlightenment for all those who seek it. They stand as pillars of wisdom and guardians of Nepal’s rich spiritual heritage, a testament to the enduring power of Vajra in the past, present, and future.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Bajracharya?
A Bajracharya is a married, non-vegetarian priest within Nepal’s Newar community, known for their deep expertise in the Newar Buddhist Vajrayana traditions. They are highly respected and are considered the custodians of ancient Vajrayana Buddhist practices.
What does the term ‘Bajracharya’ mean?
The term ‘Bajracharya’ comes from ‘Vajracharya’, a blend of ‘Vajra’ (meaning timeless and indestructible) and ‘Acharya’ (meaning teacher or expert). It signifies a master of the Vajra Doctrine or Vajrayana Buddhism.
How does one become Bajracharya?
To become Bajracharya, an individual undergoes the Acharyabhishek ceremony, which involves shaving the head, fasting, wearing a special crown, and receiving the Bajracharya Mool Mantra. This initiation is more than just learning rituals; it symbolizes a commitment to spiritual and societal service.
What are the key qualities of Bajracharya?
- Wisdom and Modesty: Bajracharyas are known for their deep spiritual and intellectual wisdom, coupled with a sense of modesty.
- Forgiveness and Virtue: They exhibit a compassionate nature, forgiving and avoiding sinful acts.
- Inclusivity: Their liberal attitude promotes inclusivity and broad-mindedness.
- Mastery of Mantras and Tantras: They are proficient in mystical and esoteric aspects of Buddhism.
- Scholarship: Bajracharyas have extensive knowledge of various religious scriptures.
What are the six disciplines of Bajracharya?
- Architectural Mastery: Knowledge in constructing and placing sacred structures.
- The Art of Mudras: Proficiency in using symbolic hand gestures.
- Crafting Divinity: Skill in creating idols of gods and goddesses.
- Guardians of Rituals: Custodians of Dashakarma, rites performed through life stages.
- Scholars of Science: Knowledge in Chemistry, Physics, and Nadi Vigyan.
- The Discipline of Yoga: Deep understanding of Yoga as a path to enlightenment.
What is the societal role of Bajracharya?
Bajracharyas play a crucial role in guiding individuals and families through various life stages and rituals. They are moral guides and spiritual teachers in their communities, disseminating knowledge and wisdom.
Can Bajracharyas marry?
Yes, Bajracharyas are unique among Buddhist priests as they are allowed to marry and have families, differing from the typical celibate monks found in many Buddhist traditions.
What religion does Bajracharya follow?
Bajracharyas are Buddhist priests in the Newar community in Nepal. They practice Buddhism.
References
- Buddhism in Nepal, Badri Ratna Bajracharya
- Prasiddha Bajracharya, Badri Ratna Bajracharya
- Vajrayana Nepal, Naresh Man Bajracharya, 2012